Just ping

TTL DETAILS top

       The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP
       routers that the packet can go through before being thrown away. In
       current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to
       decrement the TTL field by exactly one.

       The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP packets
       should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values (4.3 BSD
       uses 30, 4.2 used 15).

       The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most Unix
       systems set the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This
       is why you will find you can “ping” some hosts, but not reach them
       with telnet(1) or ftp(1).

       In normal operation ping prints the TTL value from the packet it
       receives. When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one
       of three things with the TTL field in its response:

           · Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before
           the 4.3BSD Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the
           received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the
           round-trip path.

           · Set it to 255; this is what current Berkeley Unix systems do.
           In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255
           minus the number of routers in the path from the remote system to
           the pinging host.

           · Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value
           for ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example
           either 30 or 60. Others may use completely wild values.

Special usage

Waiting for a port to open

On of the common scenarios to use ping is to determine, if a certain service is already up. Consider a situation where you restart a server and want to know, when RDP connections are possible. A simple ping would’nt help you here because even if the machine is up, the RDP port (3389) might no be reachable yet.

pping can help you in this situation:

You perform a permanent pping () but you tell pping to stop pinging when the port is reachable the first time (). «as» is the abbreviation for «autostop».

Multiple ports

If you want to check lets say 2 ports (http and https) on a certain address. Just delimit the ports by :

It is also possible to define a range of ports by delimiting them with ‘-‘:

Пожалуйста, помогите c переводом:

It slides comfortably into the ‘affordable’ bracket though, considering its supersized display, and when it lands on contract (which should be soon) it won’t carry hefty monthly fees.

Английский-Русский

1. The ENIAC (1943-1946) The first all-electronic computer, the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) was developed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. It was developed as a result of a military need. J.Presper Eckert and John Mauchly proposed the machine to solve the problem of calculating firing tables for new weapons. The ENIAC weigh

Английский-Русский

Mendeleev was foreshadowed in his great generalization by De Chancourtois’s helix of elements of 1863, J.A.R. New-lands’s *law of octaves* (1864-5)-which uncovered periodicity in the 8th elements of his chemical groupings — and W. Odling’s work, which suggested that recurrent chemical properties in elements arranged according to atomic weight could not be accidental.

Английский-Русский

Measuring the positive side of the work–family interface: Development and validation of a work–family enrichment scale

Английский-Русский

TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS top

       The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently
       depending on the data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately,
       data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into networks and
       remain undetected for long periods of time. In many cases the
       particular pattern that will have problems is something that doesn't
       have sufficient “transitions”, such as all ones or all zeros, or a
       pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. It isn't
       necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for
       example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest
       is at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type
       and what the controllers transmit can be complicated.

       This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will
       probably have to do a lot of testing to find it. If you are lucky,
       you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent across your
       network or that takes much longer to transfer than other similar
       length files. You can then examine this file for repeated patterns
       that you can test using the -p option of ping.

Option table

The following table lists all available options:

Navigation

Appearance

Mr. Ping wears a simple outfit attire that consists of a red robe with light yellow lining, and a gold colored belt with wave designs on it (though this was replaced by white lining and a black belt in Kung Fu Panda Holiday to create a Santa Claus esque image). He is usually seen donning a hat made to look like a bowl of noodles, seemingly made of fabric and balls of yarn, with a pair of chopsticks attached. He also wears bead-like rings on his ankles.

In Kung Fu Panda 2, when Mr. Ping explains to Po about his adoption and flashes back to approximately twenty years ago, Mr. Ping is shown wearing a shiny purple overcoat paired with a long single braid tied behind his head, all rather than his customary noodle shop robe and hat seen in the first film. Character designer Nicolas Marlet explained this look as a representation of Mr. Ping’s «young and crazy days» when he discovered baby Po.

Отчёт: география и посещаемость сайта

Отчёт в графической форме показывает объём посещений сайта just-ping.com, в динамике, с привязкой к географическому размещению активных пользователей данного сайта.
Отчёт доступен для сайтов, входящих в TOP-100000 рейтинга Alexa. Для всех остальных сайтов отчёт доступен с некоторыми ограничениями.

Alexa Rank – рейтинговая система оценки сайтов, основанная на подсчете общего количества просмотра страниц и частоты посещений конкретного ресурса. Alexa Rank вычисляется исходя из показателей за три месяца. Число Alexa Rank – это соотношение посещаемости одного ресурса и посещаемости прочих Интернет-порталов, поэтому, чем ниже число Alexa Rank, тем популярнее ресурс.

Kung Fu Panda 2

After Po’s success and fame as the Dragon Warrior, Mr. Ping continued to work at the noodle shop. But being proud of his son, he made a few changes to his business, marketing on Po’s success by renaming the shop and creating a theme related to the Dragon Warrior, noodles, and tofu.

After Po had a flashback of his mother, he asked Mr. Ping where he came from. Trying to make an excuse, Mr. Ping said he came from an egg and insisted that Po » ask where the egg comes from.» But once he noticed how Po saw through the excuse, he reluctantly admitted that Po was adopted. Mr. Ping continued to explain how he found him in an «empty» box of radishes outside the shop. After a while of waiting for someone to come, he eventually decided on two things: to make his soup without radishes, and to take him in as a son, commenting on how «both soup and life had been that much sweeter». However, Po was unsatisfied, wondering how he could’ve ended up in that box. Mr. Ping reminds him that though his story may not have such a happy beginning, he is currently living out a happy life now.

Mr. Ping later heard about Po’s mission to travel with the Furious Five over to Gongmen City to stop Lord Shen’s weapon, and had already packed Po’s things by the time he arrived back at the shop. Mr. Ping made an effort to try and pack things that would remind him of their relationship; these included Po’s favorite foods, his Furious Five action figures, and portrait paintings of moments he considered precious (much to Po’s embarrassment and Monkey’s amusement). This was all done out of Mr. Ping’s own worries, hoping that if Po indeed found where he came from, he would still find it in his heart to return. Still feeling that sense of worry that this might be an adventure his son may never return from, he tried pleading Po not to leave, but Po insisted that he discover where he came from and fulfill his duty as the Dragon warrior. As Po takes his traveling pack, Tigress assures Mr. Ping that Po will return, and Mr. Ping stood in the middle of the village road and sadly watched as Po and the Five departed.

At the end of the film, Mr. Ping was seen dealing with a pig mother and her son, who insisted that they see the Dragon Warrior for the child’s birthday. Mr. Ping politely apologized as he told them Po wasn’t present because of the mission that he and the Furious Five were given to save Gongmen City and China, but the pig’s son is still not happy. The mother unwillingly suggested they returned some other time to see him, but a worried Mr. Ping, terrified and upset for the well-being of his only son, finally broke down in tears and answered that he doesn’t know if Po will be returning or not. But just a moment later, Po appeared at the shop’s entrance with a crate of radishes under each arm, much to the delight of Mr. Ping and the customers. He then asked him if he saved China, to which Po confirmed and additionally added how he also discovered where he came from.

Mr. Ping, worried that Po might consider leaving again, stared at his son in terror, until Po then declared that he was his son. Relieved that Po still accepted him as a father, both father and son share a hug in acceptance of one another. Mr. Ping then offered to cook for Po, but Po offered to cook as well as his way of thanking his father for raising him. But Mr. Ping insisted on cooking and he happily walked into the kitchen with his son.

Как пользоваться Ping?

Для проверки работоспособности сети часто используется программа ping любого сайта, который всегда доступен, например, google.com или еще проще и короче ya.ru. Вам будет достаточно передать утилите в параметрах этот адрес, она сама найдет ip и сделает все нужное:

Как я и писал выше, для каждого пакета выводится уникальный идентификатор icmp_seq, количество узлов до целевого узла ttl и время, потраченное на доставку пакета time. Чтобы остановить ping нажмите сочетание клавиш Ctrl+C. В конце утилита вывела общую статистику:

• packets transmitted — отправлено пакетов;
• received — получено пакетов;
• packet loss — процент потерянных пакетов;
• time — обще время работы;rtt min/avg/max/mdev — минимальное время/среднее время/максимальное время/квадратичное отклонение.

Если выполнение команды ping не остановить, то пакеты могут отправляться очень долгое время, это создает дополнительную нагрузку на сервер и поэтому не желательно. Вы можете сразу в вызове команды ограничить количество отправляемых пакетов с помощью опции -c:

Точно так же как мы выполняем ping для домена, можно указать ip адрес напрямую. Это позволяет проверить есть ли сеть когда неверно настроены серверы DNS. Например:

Следующий вид отправки ping сообщений, это ping флуд. С помощью таких пакетов можно выполнить нагрузочное тестирование канала или даже заглушить интернет соединение на одной из машин. Но эти функции можно использовать только с правами суперпользователя. Для организации ping флуда укажите опцию -f:

По умолчанию, в обычном режиме, каждый следующий пакет отправляется, когда получен ответ на предыдущий. Но вы можете сами установить интервал между отправкой пакетов -i:

Здесь программа ping выполняет так званный, настраиваемый флуд, вы указываете с какой интенсивностью нужно отправлять пакеты. С помощью опции -D вы можете увидеть Unix Timestamp для каждого сообщения:

Abilities

Although Mr. Ping doesn’t fight like a Kung fu fighter, he is very skilled in making noodle soup. He comes from a long line of noodle makers; as Po and noodles are all that he cares about. Although, once Po became the Dragon Warrior and Mr. Ping changed the name of his restaurant to capitalize on Po’s fame, he also began fulfilling his own dreams as well. Mr. Ping mentioned in the first film that he thought of running away when he was younger to learn how to make tofu, but didn’t because it was «just a stupid dream». Because of Po’s success in his dream, he has now begun selling tofu in his shop, thus fulfilling a dream he always had.

In the Kung Fu Panda credits, Mr. Ping is shown to be incredibly skilled at Chinese chess, by beating even Master Shifu.

Mr. Ping uses techniques similar to when creating noodle soup. This helped him to make the noodles much faster than before. Mr. Ping has a mastery over the Chinese Culinary Arts, to such a degree that they appear to mimic Kung Fu fighting styles. His speed, agility & proficiency with bladed tools are unparalleled in such a case. He also has a heightened sensory system, enabling him to deduce what’s wrong with his food, simply by either looking at it for a few seconds, smelling it or by tasting it. This allows him to perfect his cooking.

Mr. Ping has also shown in «Master Ping» to be able to perform a kung fu move after only seeing it once, much like Po. This shows his rapid adaption skills. He even used his rapid learning to learn how to master Chi-based capabilities.

While defending the secret Panda Village against Kai’s invasion, he and Li formed a defensive weapon called «Double Dad Defense» by using kitchen equipment and bamboo sticks.

Синтаксис параметры важные ключи команды PING

ping , где

-t — Задает для команды ping отправку сообщений с эхо-запросом к точке назначения до тех пор, пока команда не будет прервана. Для прерывания команды и вывода статистики нажмите комбинацию CTRL-BREAK. Для прерывания команды ping и выйхода из нее нажмите клавиши CTRL-C.

-a — Задает разрешение обратного имени по IP-адресу назначения. В случае успешного выполнения выводится имя соответствующего узла.

-n счетчик — Задает число отправляемых сообщений с эхо-запросом. По умолчанию — 4.

-l размер — Задает длину (в байтах) поля данных в отправленных сообщениях с эхо-запросом. По умолчанию — 32 байта. Максимальный размер — 65527.

-f — Задает отправку сообщений с эхо-запросом с флагом «Don’t Fragment» в IP-заголовке, установленном на 1. Сообщения с эхо-запросом не фрагментируются маршрутизаторами на пути к месту назначения. Этот параметр полезен для устранения проблем, возникающих с максимальным блоком данных для канала (Maximum Transmission Unit).

-i TTL — Задает значение поля TTL в IP-заголовке для отправляемых сообщений с эхо-запросом. По умолчанию берется значение TTL, заданное по умолчанию для узла. Для узлов Windows XP это значение обычно равно 128. Максимальное значение TTL — 255.

-v тип — Задает значение поля типа службы (TOS) в IP-заголовке для отправляемых сообщений с эхо-запросом. По умолчанию это значение равно 0. тип — это десятичное значение от 0 до 255.

-r счетчик — Задает параметр записи маршрута (Record Route) в IP-заголовке для записи пути, по которому проходит сообщение с эхо-запросом и соответствующее ему сообщение с эхо-ответом. Каждый переход в пути использует параметр записи маршрута. По возможности значение счетчика задается равным или большим, чем количество переходов между источником и местом назначения. Параметр счетчик имеет значение от 1 до 9.

-s счетчик — Указывает вариант штампа времени Интернета (Internet Timestamp) в заголовке IP для записи времени прибытия сообщения с эхо-запросом и соответствующего ему сообщения с эхо-ответом для каждого перехода. Параметр счетчик имеет значение от 1 до 4.

-j список_узлов — Указывает для сообщений с эхо-запросом использование параметра свободной маршрутизации в IP-заголовке с набором промежуточных точек назначения, указанным в списке_узлов. При свободной маршрутизации последовательные промежуточные точки назначения могут быть разделены одним или несколькими маршрутизаторами. Максимальное число адресов или имен в списке узлов — 9. Список узлов — это набор IP-адресов (в точечно-десятичной нотации), разделенных пробелами.

-k список_узлов — Указывает для сообщений с эхо-запросом использование параметра строгой маршрутизации в IP-заголовке с набором промежуточных точек назначения, указанным в списке_узлов. При строгой маршрутизации следующая промежуточная точка назначения должна быть доступной напрямую (она должна быть соседней в интерфейсе маршрутизатора). Максимальное число адресов или имен в списке узлов равно 9. Список узлов — это набор IP-адресов (в точечно-десятичной нотации), разделенных пробелами.

-w интервал — Определяет в миллисекундах время ожидания получения сообщения с эхо-ответом, которое соответствует сообщению с эхо-запросом. Если сообщение с эхо-ответом не получено в пределах заданного интервала, то выдается сообщение об ошибке «Request timed out». Интервал по умолчанию равен 4000 (4 секунды).

имя_конечного_компьютера — Задает точку назначения, идентифицированную IP-адресом или именем узла.

Примеры использования команды PING

• Для отображения справки в командной строке по команде введите: ping /?;
• Для выполнения проверки соединения адреса ya.ru до прекращения вручную введите: ping ya.ru -t;
• Для отправки сообщения с эхо-запросом по протоколу ICMP точке назначения 192.168.1.1 и сопоставления с ее узловым именем введите: ping -a 192.168.1.1;
• Для отправки сообщения с эхо-запросом на адрес 10.0.99.221 десяти собщений с эхо-запросом, каждое из которых имеет поле данных из 1000 байт, введите: ping -n 10 -l 1000 10.0.99.221;
• Для отправки сообщения с эхо-запросом точке назначения 10.0.99.221 и записи маршрута для 4 переходов введите: ping -r 4 10.0.99.221;
• Для отправки сообщения с эхо-запросом на адрес 10.0.99.221 и задания свободной маршрутизации для точек назначения 10.12.0.1-10.29.3.1-10.1.44.1 введите: ping -j 10.12.0.1 10.29.3.1 10.1.44.1 10.0.99.221.

Видео — Как пользоваться утилитой PING

https://youtube.com/watch?v=0OZ7rEdBTMU

Рекомендуем для просмотра:

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• PATHPING — информация о потерях данных в сети — 08/07/2010 03:40
• TRACERT — определение маршрута прохождения пакетов ICMP — 08/07/2010 03:33

Background

Mr. Ping was born to his unseen mother and his father, the original noodle maker and owner of the noodle shop. It is assumed that as Mr. Ping grew older, he had eventually received the «Noodle Dream» and he told his father about it, who then knew it was time to tell him about the «secret ingredient» of the noodle soup and have him take over the shop. He did so, and as time passed, Mr. Ping eventually inherited the noodle shop from his father.

One day however, as a young adult while gathering the new shipment of fresh vegetables he had ordered, Mr. Ping had also shockingly found a young baby panda in one of the shipment’s radish crates. Surprised, he looked around and waited for someone to come find the young infant. When no one came, he turned around to bring in the cabbages, but after hearing the child cry, he happily decided to keep the child until someone came looking for him. Quickly finding out that the infant was too big and heavy to carry in on his own, he then led him inside with a trail of dumplings. He bathed him, fed him, nurtured him, and grew to love him until he came to realize that no one was coming for the child. He then made two life-altering decisions: one was that he would never use radishes in his noodle soup, and two was that he would raise the young child as his own son. Mr. Ping then named the young baby panda «Po» (小宝).

Since then, Mr. Ping had raised Po in the noodle shop, while teaching him all he knew as a noodle maker and mostly aspired that one day, his adopted son would also take over the restaurant just as he did from his own father. It never bothered him when Po broke a plate or messed up an order, because to him, his son was a hero. Until the events in the second film, as neither he nor Po ever brought up how different they were from each other, because despite their physical differences, both father and son share a deep mutual bond of love and respect. This shows mainly in the first film in how Po cannot bear to disappoint his father about his differing ambitions.

When Po is a tall teenager, Mr. Ping leaves Po to take care of the Noodle Shop while he’s out getting more vegetables on the Southside, though Po is very nervous. When Mr Ping gets back, he tells Po that someone by calling that person a idiot had poison Shifu and that Shifu is alright. As Mr Ping starts cooking after being happy that Po is becoming a chef, Po is seen writing on a scroll, by thinking of all the things he could be due to his inability to cook as a chef. As Po suggested ideas, Mr Ping laughs at his ideas when he writes a cleaner, a comedian, a dancer, and a doctor though shortly gives up on the idea after Mr Ping says an emperor. But Mr Ping tries reasoning with Po on his dream goal of being a chef just like him, and tells Po to throw the scroll away. Including to think more clearly with his life by unknowingly calling Po the idiot that poison Shifu. As the villagers are preparing to evacuate because of the Boar, Mr Ping is upset because they are leaving before breakfast. However Po tells Mr. Ping that he was the one who poisoned Shifu. To his surprise Mr. Ping is delighted that Po could serve the palace people, and excitedly starts planning for his new restaurant at the new village. He then tells Po to get food items so he can start cooking, before Po can protest. As he tells him that he will meet him there later at location. But Po in the end, leaves by his father’s orders to get more food items.

COLOPHON top

       This page is part of the iputils (IP utilities) project.  Information
       about the project can be found at ⟨http://www.skbuff.net/iputils/⟩.
       If you have a bug report for this manual page, send it to
       yoshfuji@skbuff.net, netdev@vger.kernel.org.  This page was obtained
       from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/iputils/iputils.git⟩ on 2020-08-13.  (At that
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       itory was 2020-08-10.)  If you discover any rendering problems in
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       improvements to the information in this COLOPHON (which is not part
       of the original manual page), send a mail to man-pages@man7.org

iputils s20190709                                                    PING(8)

Pages that refer to this page:
arping(8), 
clockdiff(8), 
ninfod(8), 
rdisc(8), 
tracepath(8), 
traceroute(8)